![]() ![]() A 2003 ACVIM Hypertension Consensus Group has proposed the following hypertension classification system for dogs and cats. It is likely that "normal" blood pressure values for dogs and cats will change as more data becomes available. The lack of consensus as to what blood pressure values constitute hypertension in dogs and cats obfuscates any classification of patients as to their hypertension status. Classification of proteinuria by UP:C ratio.* ![]() Although the specific values used to categorize patients with CKD into these stages are inherently arbitrary, staging is nonetheless useful for establishing prognosis and managing patients with CKD. ![]() The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) has proposed a 4 tier system for staging CKD in dogs and cats (Tables 2 and 3). 4 The value of staging CKD is to facilitate application of appropriate clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Patients with CKD can be categorized into stages along a continuum of progressive CKD. A duration of at least 3 months is used as the benchmark criterion for confirming the diagnosis of CKD based on the observation that renal compensatory hypertrophy and improvement in renal function may continue for up to three months following acute loss of nephrons. For example, hypoalbuminemia due to urinary protein loss is evidence of kidney disease, while hypoalbuminemia due to hepatic failure is not.Ĭhronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as: 1) kidney damage that has existed for at least three months, with or without decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or 2) a reduction in GFR by more than 50% from normal persisting for at least three months. * Markers must be confirmed to be of renal origin to be evidence of kidney damage. Occasionally, it may present with a high urinary output but mounting serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Inappropriate urine glucose concentration by prolonged renal ischemia in most cases. The term "kidney disease" may be applied to acute or chronic disease. Kidney disease is staged (described below) to reflect these variations. 3 Both the severity and clinical implications of kidney disease varies greatly depending on the magnitude of kidney involvement. Kidney damage is defined as either: 1) microscopic or macroscopic renal pathology detected by kidney biopsy or direct visualization of the kidneys or 2) markers of renal damage detected by blood or urine tests or imaging studies (Table 1). A decline in function is not essential to meet the definition of kidney disease. It is recognized by reduced kidney function or the presence of kidney damage. See also the leaflets on Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease.Kidney disease is the presence of functional or structural abnormalities in one or both kidneys. Therefore, kidney function is often checked before and after starting treatment with certain medicines. Some medicines occasionally cause kidney damage as a side-effect. Before and after starting treatment with certain medicines.You normally need treatment with dialysis if the level of creatinine goes higher than a certain value. So, many other waste products will not be cleared out of the bloodstream. Creatinine in itself is not harmful but a high level indicates that the kidneys are not working properly. The level of creatinine is usually used as a marker as to the severity of kidney failure. The higher the blood levels of urea and creatinine, the less well the kidneys are working. If you have suspected low body water content (dehydration), when the urea level increases. ![]()
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